കണ്ടെത്തിയത് 71 കുഴിബോംബുകളും 38 സ്ഫോടകവസ്തുക്കളും; വീരനായ മഗാവ വിരമിച്ചു, ഇനി വിശ്രമം!
വീരനെലികൾ അഥവാ ഹീറോ റാറ്റ്സ് എന്നാണ് മഗാവയും കൂട്ടരും അറിയപ്പെടുന്നത്. മഗാവ എന്നു പേരുള്ള എലി കഴിഞ്ഞ അഞ്ചു വർഷമായി കംമ്പോഡിയയിൽ ജോലി ചെയ്തു വരികയായിരുന്നു. ഡസൻ കണക്കിന് കുഴിബോംബുകൾ മണത്തെടുത്ത് നിരവധി ജീവനുകൾ രക്ഷപെടുത്തിയ ചാരിതാർഥ്യത്തോടെയാവണം മഗാവ പടിയിറങ്ങുന്നത്. കഠിനാധ്വാനത്തിന്റെ കാലം കഴിഞ്ഞുള്ള തികച്ചും അർഹമായ വിശ്രമ ജീവിതത്തിലേക്ക്.
മഗാവയും കൂട്ടുകാരും ആഫ്രിക്കൻ ജയന്റ് പൗച്ച്ഡ് വിഭാഗത്തിൽ പെടുന്ന എലികളാണ്. സബ്സഹാറൻ ആഫ്രിക്കയിൽ ഇവ ധാരാളമായി കാണപ്പെടുന്നു. മഗാവ ടാൻസാനിയയിലാണ് ജനിച്ചത്. ‘APOPO’ എന്ന സന്നദ്ധ സംഘടനയാണ് എലികൾക്ക് കുഴിബോംബുകൾ മണത്തറിയാൻ പരിശീലനം നൽകുന്നത്. വർഷങ്ങളായി മണം പിടിക്കാൻ കഴിവുള്ള മൃഗങ്ങൾക്ക് പരിശീലനം നൽകുന്നവരാണ് ഇവർ. ആഭ്യന്തരയുദ്ധം മൂലം വലയുന്ന പല ആഫ്രിക്കൻ രാജ്യങ്ങളിലും കുഴിബോംബുകൾ വലിയ ഭീഷണിയാണ്.
ശ്രദ്ധാപൂർവമായ പരിശീലനത്തിലൂടെ മൈനുകൾ മണത്തെടുക്കാനും തങ്ങളുടെ പരിശീലകർക്ക് കൃത്യസമയത്ത് മുന്നറിയിപ്പ് കൊടുക്കാനും എലികൾ പഠിച്ചെടുക്കുന്നു. തക്കസമയത്ത് മൈനുകൾ നീക്കം ചെയ്യാൻ കഴിയുന്നതിനാൽ ഏറെ അപകടങ്ങൾ ഒഴിവാകുകയും ചെയ്യുന്നു. ഈ ജോലിയിൽ ഏറെ മിടുക്കനായി അറിയപ്പെട്ടിരുന്ന മഗാവ ഇപ്പോഴും നല്ല ആരോഗ്യവാനാണെങ്കിലും വിരമിക്കൽ പ്രായത്തിലെത്തിയിരുന്നു. മഗാവയുടെ വേഗത കുറയാൻ തുടങ്ങിയ സമയത്തു തന്നെ അവനെ ജോലിയിൽ നിന്നു വീരോചിതമായ യാത്രയയപ്പ് നൽകി മാറ്റി നിർത്തുകയാണ് APOPO സംഘടന.
മണം പിടിക്കാനുള്ള എലികളുടെ സംഘത്തിലെ ഏറ്റവും മിടുക്കനായ ഘ്രാണ വിദഗ്ദനായിരുന്നു മഗാവ. നാലു വർഷം കൊണ്ട് ഏകദേശം 2.4 ദശലക്ഷം ചതുരശ്രയടി സ്ഥലമാണ് അവൻ പരിശോധിച്ച് തീർത്തത്. ഇതിനിടയിൽ 71 കുഴിബോംബുകളും 38 തരം മറ്റു സ്ഫോടകവസ്തുക്കളുമാണ് അവൻ കണ്ടെത്തിയത്. അനേകം ജീവനുകൾ രക്ഷിച്ച മഗാവയുടെ ധീരമായ സേവനം കണക്കിലെടുത്ത് യു കെയിലെ ‘PDSA’ എന്ന സേവന സംഘടന സ്വർണമെഡൽ നൽകി മഗാവയെ ആദരിച്ചിരുന്നു.
ഓമനമൃഗങ്ങളെ ആദരിക്കുന്നതിൽ 77 വർഷത്തെ പാരമ്പര്യമുള്ള PDSA അവരുടെ ചരിത്രത്തിൽ ആദ്യമായാണ് ഒരു എലിയെ ആദരിച്ചതെന്ന സവിശേഷതയുമുണ്ട്. രണ്ടാം ലോകമഹായുദ്ധകാലത്ത് വീരോചിതമായ സേവനം നടത്തിയ മൃഗങ്ങളെ ആദരിച്ചിട്ടുള്ള PDSA യുടെ ലിസ്റ്റിൽ ഇതുവരെ നായ്ക്കൾ, പൂച്ചകൾ, കുതിരകൾ, പ്രാവുകൾ എന്നിവയാണുണ്ടായിരുന്നത്. എലിയുടെ വലുപ്പത്തിന് യോജിച്ച മെഡലാണ് സമ്മാനിക്കപ്പെട്ടതും.
സ്ഫോടകവസ്തുക്കളിൽ കണ്ടുപിടിക്കാൻ ഏറ്റവും ബുദ്ധിമുട്ടുള്ളതും ചെലവേറിയതുമാണ് കുഴിബോംബുകൾ. ഇവ കണ്ടുപിടിക്കാൻ പുതിയ വഴികൾ തേടിയ APOPO സംഘടന കണ്ടെടുത്ത വഴിയാണ് എലികളുടെ ഉപയോഗം. വേഗമാണ് എലികളുടെ മുഖമുദ്ര.അരമണിക്കൂർ കൊണ്ട് 200 ചതുരശ്ര മീറ്റർ അവർ അരിച്ചു പെറുക്കും. സാധാരണ മാർഗങ്ങളിൽ ഇതിന് 4 ദിവസം വേണ്ടി വരുന്നു. ഭക്ഷണ വസ്തുക്കൾ സമ്മാനമായി നൽകിയുള്ള മാർഗങ്ങളാണ് എലികളെ പരിശീലിപ്പിക്കാൻ ഉപയോഗിക്കുന്നത്. സാധനങ്ങൾ കണ്ടു പിടിക്കുകയും ദുഷ്ക്കരമായ പ്രതലങ്ങൾ നടന്നു തീർക്കുകയുമൊക്കെ ചെയ്താൽ അപ്പോൾ സമ്മാനമായി ഭക്ഷണം കിട്ടുമെന്ന് എലികൾ പഠിച്ചെടുക്കുന്നു.
പിന്നീട് മണം പിടിക്കാനും മൈനുകളുടെ മണം തിരിച്ചറിഞ്ഞ് കണ്ടു പിടിക്കാനും ഇതേ മാർഗത്തിൽ എലികളെ പരിശീലിപ്പിക്കുന്നു. നല്ല കാഴ്ചശക്തിയുള്ളവരാണ് എലികളെങ്കിലും അവരുടെ അനിതരസാധാരണമായ ഘ്രാണശക്തിയും, വലുപ്പക്കുറവുമാണ് ഇവിടെ പ്രയോജനപ്പെടുന്നത്. ഇവരുടെ മൃദുസ്പർശം കൊണ്ട് മൈൻ പൊട്ടാനും സാധ്യതയില്ല. മൈൻ കുഴിച്ചിട്ടിരിക്കുന്ന സ്ഥലം കണ്ടെത്തിയാൽ എലികൾ ആ ഭാഗം ചെറുതായി മാന്തിക്കാണിക്കുന്നത് പരിശീലകനുള്ള അടയാളമാകുന്നു. മൈൻ കണ്ടെത്തിയാൽ അവരെ കാത്ത് സമ്മാനമുണ്ടാകും.. ഒരു വാഴപ്പഴം!.
8600 ചതുരശ്രയടി വിസ്തൃതിയും പല ഘട്ടങ്ങളിൽ സങ്കീർണമുള്ള സ്ഥലത്ത് തങ്ങളുടെ കഴിവിന്റെ കൃത്യത തെളിയിച്ചാലേ എലികൾക്ക് യഥാർഥ ജോലി തുടങ്ങാൻ അവസരം ലഭിക്കുകയുള്ളൂ. മൈനുകൾ ഇല്ലെന്ന് എലികൾ വഴി ഉറപ്പാക്കിയ സ്ഥലത്ത് ഫുട്ബോൾ കളിക്കുന്ന പരിശീലകർ തെളിയിക്കുന്നത് എലികളിലുള്ള പൂർണവിശ്വാസമാണ്. APOPO സംഘടനയുടെ സിഇഒ ആയ ക്രിസ്റ്റഫ് കോക്സിന്റെ വിലയിരുത്തലിൽ ഏകദേശം പത്തുലക്ഷം ജനങ്ങളെ കുഴിബോംബുകളുടെ ഭയത്തിൽ ജീവിക്കുന്നതിൽ നിന്നും രക്ഷപെടുത്താൻ എലികൾക്ക് കഴിഞ്ഞിട്ടുണ്ട്.
വാരാന്ത്യങ്ങളിൽ പ്രത്യേകവും സമൃദ്ധമായ വിരുന്നാണ് എലികൾക്ക് ഇവിടെ ലഭിക്കുക. ജോലി ചെയ്യാനുള്ള കഴിവു കുറയുന്ന പ്രായത്തിൽ അവർ വിരമിക്കുകയും വിശ്രമസദനത്തിൽ താമസമാക്കുകയും ചെയ്യുന്നു. അവിടെയും അവർക്ക് ഭക്ഷണവും വിനോദവും ഉറപ്പാക്കുന്നു. പൊതു സമൂഹത്തിന്റെ ആത്മാർത്ഥമായ പിന്തുണയുണ്ടെങ്കിൽ അടുത്ത 5 -10 വർഷത്തിനുള്ളിൽ ഈ പ്രദേശത്തെ കുഴിബോംബ് പ്രശ്നം അവസാനിപ്പിക്കാമെന്നാണ് സംഘടനയുടെ കണക്കുകൂട്ടൽ. അതിനായി ഇനിയും മഗാവമാരെ സൃഷ്ടിക്കാനൊരുങ്ങുകയാണ് ഇവർ.
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