സൂര്യനെ അടുത്തറിയാന്‍ ആദിത്യ L1
ഐ.എസ്.ആർ.ഒ.യുടെ സ്വന്തം ആദിത്യ അണിയറയിൽ ഒരുങ്ങുകയാണ്. സൂര്യനെ അടുത്തറിയാനും വിവരങ്ങൾ ശേഖരിക്കാനും ഇന്ത്യയുടെ പ്രഥമ.സൗരദൗത്യമായ ആദിത്യ L1, 2022 ജനുവരിയിൽ വിക്ഷേപിക്കും.
ഭൂമിയിൽനിന്ന്‌ 800 കിലോമീറ്റർ ഉയരത്തിലുള്ള ലോ എർത്ത് ഓർബിറ്റിലേക്ക് പിഎസ്എൽവി–-എക്സ്എൽ റോക്കറ്റുപയോഗിച്ച് വിക്ഷേപിക്കുന്ന പേടകം പിന്നീട് സൂര്യന്റെയും ഭൂമിയുടെയും ഗുരുത്വബലങ്ങൾ പരസ്പരം നിർവീര്യമാക്കപ്പെടുന്ന സ്ഥാനങ്ങളിൽ ഒന്നായ എൽ1 (Lagrangian Point -1) പോയിന്റിൽ എത്തും. നൂറ് ദിവസത്തെ യാത്രയ്ക്കൊടുവിലായിരിക്കും പേടകം ഭൂമിയിൽനിന്ന്‌ 15 ലക്ഷം കിലോമീറ്റർ അകലെയുള്ള ഇവിടെ എത്തുക. അഞ്ചുവർഷം തുടർച്ചയായി സൂര്യനെ നിരീക്ഷിക്കുന്നതിന്‌ പേടകം ഇവിടെ നിലനിർത്തും. ലെഗ്രാൻഷ്യൻ പോയിന്റുകളിൽ നിർത്തിയിരിക്കുന്ന പേടകത്തിന് രാത്രി പകൽ വ്യത്യാസമോ ഗ്രഹണങ്ങളോ സംതരണങ്ങളോ ഒന്നും തടസ്സമാകില്ല. ഇതുവരെ നാസയ്ക്കും യൂറോപ്യൻ സ്പേസ് ഏജൻസിക്കും മാത്രമേ ഒരു കൃത്രിമ ഉപഗ്രഹത്തെ ലെഗ്രാൻഷ്യൻ സ്ഥാനങ്ങളിൽ എത്തിക്കാൻ കഴിഞ്ഞിട്ടുള്ളൂ.
400 കിലോഗ്രാമാണ് പേടകത്തിന്റെയും അനുബന്ധ ഉപകരണങ്ങളുടെയുംകൂടി മാസ്. വിവിധ പരീക്ഷണങ്ങൾക്കായി ഉപകരണങ്ങൾ (പേലോഡുകൾ) പേടകത്തിലുണ്ടാകും. 55 മില്യൺ യു എസ് ഡോളറാണ് ആദിത്യ ദൗത്യത്തിന്റെ ചെലവ്. 2017 ൽ ഉദ്ദേശിച്ചിരുന്ന വിക്ഷേപണമാണ്‌ 2022 ജനുവരിയിലേക്ക് മാറ്റി വച്ചിരിക്കുന്നത്.
കൊറോണ ഒരു പ്രഹേളിക
സൂര്യന്റെ അന്തരീക്ഷമായ കൊറോണയെക്കുറിച്ചുള്ള പഠനമാണ് ആദിത്യ ദൗത്യത്തിന്റെ പ്രധാന ലക്ഷ്യം. സൂര്യന്റെ ഉപരിതലമായ ഫോട്ടോസ്ഫിയറിൽ നിന്നു പുറത്തേക്ക് ആയിരക്കണക്കിന് കിലോമീറ്ററുകൾ വ്യാപിച്ചുകിടക്കുന്ന പ്രദേശമാണ് കൊറോണ. സൂര്യന്റെ ഉപരിതല ഊഷ്മാവ് 6000 കെൽവിനാണ്. എന്നാൽ, കൊറോണയുടെ താപനില 10,00,000 കെൽവിനാണ്. ഇനിയും വിശദീകരണം ലഭിക്കേണ്ട ഒരു പ്രഹേളികയാണിത്. കൊറോണയിൽ ഇത്രയധികം താപം ഉണ്ടാകുന്നത്‌ എന്തുകൊണ്ടെന്നതിന്‌ പൂർണ ഉത്തരം കണ്ടെത്താൻ ശാസ്‌ത്രലോകത്തിന്‌ ഇനിയും കഴിഞ്ഞിട്ടില്ല.
കൊറോണയെക്കുറിച്ചുള്ള പഠനത്തിനുപുറമെ സൗരവാതങ്ങൾ, പ്ലാസ്മാ പ്രവാഹം, കൊറോണൽ മാസ് ഇജക്‌ഷൻ, സൂര്യന്റെ കാന്തികക്ഷേത്രം, സൗരപ്രതിഭാസങ്ങൾ സൗരയൂഥത്തിലുണ്ടാക്കുന്ന പ്രതിഫലനങ്ങൾ തുടങ്ങിയവയെല്ലാം ആദിത്യ സൂക്ഷ്‌മമായി പഠിക്കും.
ശാസ്ത്രീയ ഉപകരണങ്ങൾ
1. Visible Emission Line Coronagraph – VELC
ദൃശ്യപ്രകാശത്തിലും ഇൻഫ്രാറെഡ് വേവ് ബാൻഡിലും കൊറോണയുടെ ചിത്രമെടുക്കുന്നതിനുള്ള ഉപകരണമാണിത്. ക്യാമറയുടെ ഫോക്കസ് ഒരു ഒക്കൾട്ടർ ഉപയോഗിച്ച് മറയ്ക്കുകവഴി ഒരു കൃത്രിമ ഗ്രഹണം സൃഷ്ടിച്ചാണ് ഈ ഉപകരണം കൊറോണയുടെ ചിത്രങ്ങൾ എടുക്കുന്നത്. കൊറോണൽ മാസ് ഇജക്‌ഷൻ എന്ന സൂര്യദ്രവ്യപ്രവാഹത്തിലെ ഘടകങ്ങളെക്കുറിച്ചും അതിന്റെ സവിശേഷതകളെക്കുറിച്ചും പഠിക്കുകയാണ് ഈ ക്രോണോഗ്രാഫ് ചെയ്യുന്നത്. സൂര്യന്റെ കാന്തികക്ഷേത്രത്തെക്കുറിച്ചുള്ള പഠനവും നടത്തും. സൗരവാതങ്ങളും മറ്റ് സൗരപ്രതിഭാസങ്ങളും ഭൂമിയുടെ അന്തരീക്ഷത്തെ എങ്ങനെ ബാധിക്കുമെന്നുള്ള പഠനവും ഈ ഉപകരണം നടത്തും.
2. Solar Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope – SUIT
200–-400 നാനോ മീറ്റർ തരംഗദൈർഘ്യത്തിൽ സൂര്യബിംബത്തെ നിരീക്ഷിക്കുന്ന ദൂരദർശിനിയാണിത്. സൂര്യാന്തരീക്ഷത്തിന്റെ വിവിധ പാളികൾ വേർതിരിച്ചു കാണുന്നതിനും ഈ ദൂരദർശിനിക്കു കഴിയും. ഇതിനു മുമ്പ്‌ കൊറോണ ഈ രീതിയിൽ നിരീക്ഷിക്കപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല. സൂര്യന്റെ ഉപരിതലത്തെ അപേക്ഷിച്ച് അന്തരീക്ഷം കൂടുതൽ ചൂടുപിടിക്കുന്നത് അന്തരീക്ഷപാളികളിലെ സംവഹന പ്രക്രിയവഴിയാണെന്ന് ഒരു സങ്കൽപ്പമുണ്ട്. ഈ പരികൽപ്പന പരീക്ഷിച്ചറിയുന്നതിന് ഈ ടെലിസ്‌കോപ് സഹായിക്കും. ഭൗമാന്തരീക്ഷത്തിലെ ഓസോൺ പാളിയെ ഗുരുതരമായി ബാധിക്കുന്ന അൾട്രാവയലറ്റ് വികിരണങ്ങളുടെ സ്വഭാവത്തെക്കുറിച്ചുള്ള പഠനവും നടക്കും.Solar Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope — one of the most important payloads of Aditya-L1 mission.
3. Aditya Solar wind Particle Experiment -ASPEX
സൗരവാതങ്ങളുടെ സ്വഭാവവും അതിന്റെ വർണരാജി വിശകലനവുമാണ് ഈ ഉപകരണം നടത്തുക.
4. Plasma Analyser Package for Aditya -PAPA
സൗരവാതങ്ങളിലെ ഘടകങ്ങളെക്കുറിച്ചും അതിലെ ഊർജവിതരണത്തെക്കുറിച്ചും പഠിക്കുന്നതിനുള്ള ഉപകരണമാണിത്.
5. Solar Low Energy X-ray Spectrometer SoLEXS
കൊറോണയെ ചൂടുപിടിപ്പിക്കുന്നതിൽ എക്സ് കിരണങ്ങളുടെ പങ്ക് പരിശോധിക്കുന്നതിനുള്ള ഉപകരണം.
6. High Energy L1 Orbiting X-ray Spectrometer – HEL1OS –കൊറോണയിൽക്കൂടിയുള്ള കണികാപ്രവാഹത്തിന്റെ വേഗതയും ഊർജനിലയും അളക്കുന്നതിനുള്ള ഉപകരണം സൗരആളലുകളുടെ തീവ്രത അളക്കുന്നതിനും ഈ ഉപകരണത്തിന്‌ കഴിയും.
7. Magnetometer
ഗ്രഹാന്തര കാന്തികമണ്ഡലത്തിന്റെ തീവ്രത അളക്കുന്നതിനുള്ള ഉപകരണം.
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