ശ്രീലങ്കയിലെ തദ്ദേശീയരായ ഇന്തോ-ആര്യൻ ജനവിഭാഗമാണ് സിംഹളർ. ശ്രീലങ്കയിലെ ആകെ ജനസംഖ്യയുടെ എഴുപത്തിയഞ്ച് ശതമാനവും (75%) സിംഹളരാണ്. ഇത് ഒന്നരക്കോടിയിലധികം വരും. ഭാഷയിലും മതവിശ്വാസത്തിലും പാരമ്പര്യത്തിലും അധിഷ്ടിതമാണ് സിംഹളരുടെ തനിമ. ഇന്തോ-ആര്യൻ ഭാഷാ വിഭാഗത്തിൽ ഉൾപ്പെടുന്ന സിംഹള ഭാഷയാണ് ഇവരുടെ വിനിമയ ഭാഷ. ഥേരവാദ ബുദ്ധമതവിശ്വാസികളാണ് ഭൂരിഭാഗം സിംഹളരും. ചെറിയൊരു ശതമാനം ക്രിസ്തുമതവിശ്വാസികളും ഉണ്ട്.
സംസ്കൃതത്തിൽ സിംഹള എന്നാൽ സിംഹത്തെ സംബന്ധിക്കുന്നത് എന്നാണു അർഥം. മഹാവംശം എന്ന കൃതിയിലാണ് സിംഹളരുടെ വംശോൽപ്പത്തിയെക്കുറിച്ചും ചരിത്രത്തെക്കുറിച്ചും രേഖപ്പെടുത്തിയിട്ടുള്ളത്. ഇവർ ഇന്ത്യയിൽനിന്നെത്തിയ ആര്യന്മാരുടെപിൻഗാമികളാണെന്ന് പറയപ്പെടുന്നു.മഹാവംശം എന്ന കൃതിയിലാണ് സിംഹള ജനതയുടെ ഉത്ഭവത്തെക്കുറിച്ചും ചരിത്രത്തെക്കുറിച്ചും പരാമർശമുള്ളത്‌.
സിംഹളരുടെ ആദ്യകാല ചരിത്രത്തെ സമ്പന്ധിച്ച് പരാമർശിക്കുന്ന രണ്ട് ഗ്രന്ഥങ്ങളാണ് സി.ഇ. നാലാം നൂറ്റാണ്ടിൽ പാലി ഭാഷയിൽ എഴുതപ്പെട്ട മഹാവംശവുംസി.ഇ. പതിമൂന്നാം നൂറ്റാണ്ടിൽ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടതെന്ന് കരുതപ്പെടുന്ന കുലവംശവും. അനുരാധപുരം, പൊളന്നറുവ എന്നീ പുരാതന രാജവംശങ്ങളെക്കുറിച്ച് പ്രതിപാദിക്കുന്ന ആദ്യകാല ഗ്രന്ഥങ്ങളാണിവ.
ഥേരവാദ ബുദ്ധമതത്താൽസമ്പന്നമാക്കപ്പെട്ട രണ്ടായിരത്തിഅറനൂറോളം വർഷത്തെ പാരമ്പര്യമുള്ള അനന്യമായ സംസ്കാരമാണ് സിംഹളരുടെത്. നൃത്തം, ശിൽപ്പവിദ്യ, ചിത്രകല, സാഹിത്യം, പരമ്പരാഗത വിശ്വാസങ്ങൾ എന്നിവ കൊണ്ട് സമ്പുഷ്ടമാണ് സിംഹളീസ് സംസ്കാരം. പുരാതനമായ ശിൽപ്പങ്ങളും ശിലാലിഖിതങ്ങളും ലോകപ്രസിദ്ധമാണ്. പരമ്പരാഗത സിംഹളീസ് വാദ്യോപകരണങ്ങളാൽതീർക്കുന്ന വിശിഷ്ടമായ സംഗീതം ബുദ്ധമതാഘോഷങ്ങൾക്ക് ഉപയോഗിച്ചുവരുന്നുണ്ട്.
സിംഹളർ ബുദ്ധമതവിശ്വാസികളാണ്. ഥേരവാദ ബുദ്ധമതമാണ് അവലംബിക്കുന്നത്. 1988 ൽ 93% സിംഹളരും ബുദ്ധമത വിശ്വാസികളായിരിന്നു. ചെറിയൊരു വിഭാഗം സിംഹളർ ക്രിസ്തുമത വിശ്വാസികളാണ്.
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